Protein kinases are enzymes that play a crucial role in regulating various cellular processes by adding phosphate groups to proteins. This phosphorylation process can modify the activity, localization, and interactions of the target protein, thereby influencing cell signaling, growth, and proliferation. Dysregulation of protein kinases has been linked to several diseases, including cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, and inflammatory conditions. Therefore, understanding the structure and function of protein kinases is essential for developing targeted therapies and treatments for these diseases. Research in this area focuses on identifying novel protein kinase targets, studying their signaling pathways, and designing specific inhibitors to modulate their activity.